CEA VS. NEC

The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is a group of economists who advise the President of the United States. It is a part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, and provides much of the economic policy of the White House. The council prepares the annual Economic Report of the President. The current Chair of the CEA is Edward P. Lazear. Barack Obama has nominated Christina Romer as the new CEA Chair.

The council's three members are nominated by the president and approved by the United States Senate. The staff of the council includes about 20 academic economists, plus three permanent economic statisticians. The current chairman is Edward Lazear, on leave of absence from Stanford University.Past chairs include:

Ben S. Bernanke 2005-2006  

Harvey S. Rosen 2005  

N. Gregory Mankiw 2003-2005  

R. Glenn Hubbard 2001-2003  

Martin Neil Baily 1999-2001   

Janet Yellen 1997-1999   

Joseph E. Stiglitz 1995-1997 (member since 1993)  

 Laura D'Andrea Tyson 1993-1995   

Michael J. Boskin 1989-1993

Beryl W. Sprinkel 1985-1989

Martin Feldstein 1982-1984

Murray L. Weidenbaum 1981-1982

Charles L. Schultze 1977-1981

Alan Greenspan 1974-1977

Herbert Stein 1972-1974

Paul W. McCracken 1956-1959 (member); 1969-1971

Arthur M. Okun 1968-1969

Gardner Ackley 1964-1968

Walter W. Heller 1961-1964

Raymond J. Saulnier 1956-1961

Arthur F. Burns 1953-1956

Leon H. Keyserling 1949-1950 (acting chair); 1950-1953

Edwin G. Nourse 1946-1949

Other influential past members include:

Karl M. Arndt[1]John D. Clark 1946-1953

Otto Eckstein 1964-1966

Aaron Edlin, 1997-1998

Hendrik S. Houthakker 1969-1971

William D. Nordhaus 1977-1979

James Tobin 1961-1962

The council was established by the Employment Act of 1946 to provide presidents with objective economic analysis and advice on the development and implementation of a wide range of domestic and international economic policy issues. In its first seven years the CEA made five technical advances in policy making, including the replacement of a "cyclical model" of the economy by a "growth model," the setting of quantitative targets for the economy, use of the theories of fiscal drag and full-employment budget, recognition of the need for greater flexibility in taxation, and replacement of the notion of unemployment as a structural problem by a realization of a low aggregate demand. [2]In 1949 a dispute broke out between Chairman Edwin Nourse and member Leon Keyserling. Nourse believed a choice had to be made between "guns or butter" but Keyserling argued that an expanding economy permitted large defense expenditures without sacrificing an increased standard of living. In 1949 Keyserling gained support from powerful Truman advisors Dean Acheson and Clark Clifford. Nourse resigned as chairman, warning about the dangers of budget deficits and increased funding of "wasteful" defense costs. Keyserling succeeded to the chairmanship and influenced Truman's Fair Deal proposals and the economicsections of National Security Council Resolution 68 that, in April 1950, asserted that the larger armed forces America needed would not affect living standards or risk the "transformation of the free character of our economy." [3]During the 1953-54 recession, the CEA, headed by Arthur Burns deployed traditional Republican rhetoric. However it supported an activist contracyclical approach that helped to establish Keynesianism as a bipartisan economic policy for the nation. Especially important in formulating the CEA response to the recession - accelerating public works programs, easing credit, and reducing taxes - were Arthur F. Burns and Neil H. Jacoby. [4]The 1978 Humphrey-Hawkins Act required each administration to move toward full employment and reasonable price stability within a specific time period. It has had the effect of making the CEA's annual economic report highly political in nature, as well as highly unreliable and inaccurate over the standard two or five year projection periods. [5]

The National Economic Council (NEC) is a United States government agency in the Executive Office of the President. Created by President Bill Clinton in 1993 by Executive Order, its functions are to coordinate policy-making for domestic and international economic issues, coordinate economic policy advice for the President, ensure that policy decisions and programs are consistent with the President's economic goals, and monitor implementation of the President's economic policy agenda. The Director of the NEC is also Assistant to the President for Economic Policy. The current Director is Keith Hennessey (appointed by President Bush in 2007). President elect Barack Obama has designated Lawrence Summers to be Director when he assumes office.

The conflict of interest between departments! that's why US failed in IRAQ

你一看NEC的成员就知道，NEC更官方，CEA的主席都是NEC的成员，NEC的成员包括总统呀，国务卿（外交部长）呀，不愧是COORDINATE的