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2009年5月13日星期三

经济危机下,两起政府试图干预私企的行为

Neighbors Use Food Stamps, Not Costco
Swamped by consumer complaints about excess fees, sudden interest rateincreases, indecipherable fine print, debt-ridden college students and a deluge of solicitations for even more credit, lawmakers are racing to putnew restrictions on card companies, seizing on an issue with overwhelming popular and political appeal.

2009年5月12日星期二

中国的房价为什么不进行30%的调整?


4月份,全国70个大中城市房屋销售价格同比下降1.1%,比3月份降幅缩小0.2个百分点;环比上涨0.4%,比3月份涨幅扩大0.2个百分点。
美国的金融危机是因为次贷,房价的大幅调整,中央肯定会怕。我想,中央会和各个房地产商打招呼,房价不能降,这样就不会有次贷,因为借款买房的人看到自己的房子还这么值钱,会还钱的;一旦房子跌破了一个点位,很多人会弃房吗?会不还钱吗?现在中国买房的人有几个是没钱的,即使自己没钱,亲戚朋友也有钱,中国还只是部分人有钱买房,其他的人有钱也是供别人买房。
更重要的是,如果房子不建了,那些供应商怎么活?这种想法其实不理智,难道就不能调整,难道这些供应商就注定供应房地产商?这种想法根本就不是经济学家的想法,是既得利益着的想法,是局部想法,是死局想法,没有站在未来的发展,创新的角度思考问题,就是想一层不变,维持自己的地位,这样一来,何来创新,后来者何来激励创新,老者何来动力继续发力?
确实,如果房地产大幅调整,是可能会出现美国类的危机,但是这也是一种破坏性调整,美国在这种周期中走过来,更加有创新能力。
重庆市政府就出台了一些列减税政策拉动交易量,这种不是靠价格调整的方式拉动的交易量,能够持续多久,是否资源配置最优,都很难说。那些按揭买房的人,买的房子即使不值马克思的价值,又怎样呢?国家会保证的。

Price Fishback

The Real Facts About the Original Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (and What They Mean for a Modern Incarnation)

谁能告诉我,房价、股市为什么涨那么多,在知道将来要跌的情况下?

        说明,这就是一场赌局。普通老百姓进行赌的时候,注定要输。问题是,这些引诱着违法吗,应该坐牢吗?试想两种情况:
        一、你买了一包三鹿奶粉,吃出病了,可以追究责任,责任人还要坐牢
        二、你被别人骗到公海上赌博,输钱了,你可以告别人吗?你可以通过法律手段从胜者手中claw back回你的本金吗?
       炒股、炒房,都是投机,更是赌博,而且是公海赌博!重点是,你怎么赢别人,而不是输了怎么赖账。
       但是有一种情况是,整个国家的人都去公海赌博,最后导致只有一小撮人有钱,其余人都成了穷光蛋,广大老百姓的需求没了,导致的是整个国家交易的崩溃,然后就是大家知道的经济变量的集体丢脸:GDP、失业率、CPI、PPI…… 
        这就是系统风险,有个疑问,那些赢得人不可以去交易吗?他能买下全部的东西吗!

What Can the Credit Crisis Teach Us About Flu Pandemics?

Systemic shocks like recessions and disease pandemics are by definition overwhelming to even our most powerful institutions. But they emerge from individual actions, and taking ownership of your little corner of the crisis isn’t just therapeutic, it’s good for everyone.

2009年5月11日星期一

Separation of Press and State

Mr. Moroney suggested that the government should pass legislation guaranteeing newspapers “reasonable compensation” from Internet companies that reproduce content without paying for it.

Senator Benjamin L. Cardin, Democrat of Maryland, has introduced a bill he calls the Newspaper Revitalization Act that would treat newspapers as educational nonprofit entities with a kind of tax status similar to churches, hospitals and public broadcasters. In exchange for that most-favored-nation status, the industry would trade in what would seem to be one of the bedrocks of a truly free press, the right to endorse candidates for public office.

Government bailouts, including special tax status, seem likely to kill independent journalism, not save it. A free press that serves at the pleasure of its government is a diminution of the intent of the founders and not, by the way, a free press.


Rising Credit Card Losses Are Next Challenge for Banks


Unlike in prior recessions, cardholders who recently lost their jobs are unlikely to be able toextract equity from their homes or draw down retirement accounts to help pay off their debts. That means borrowers who fall behind on their bills are more likely to default, leading to higher losses.
第一、看图说话。CCLR的上升不一定是因为UPR上升引起的,但是UPR上升,一定会引起CCLR上升,这次可能超过8%
第二、银行、信用卡公司在发卡的时候所运用的模型,并没有考虑8.9%及以上的失业率造成的未来收入的减少,在发卡时,主要就评价两个指标:存量、未来流量
第三、这次危机后的洗牌,导致使用信用卡的人(当然都是工人阶级)的存量的价值下降了,特别是那些实物存量,如车、房子、证券,真正赢牌的人是在危机前脱手的人,他们手握现金。其实这个社会的货币一直在增加。那么怎样解决信用卡问题呢?
Plan A:银行把信用卡用户在银行引起的借贷增加同时去掉。问题是,贷方已经转给了一些商人(信用卡用户交易支出)
Plan B:政府强制这些现金持有者去买实物,这样一来,银行BS的右边,一部分账户就转给了没有钱但有房的人,从而还信用卡的钱,而这些现金持有者有了部分现金和实物,实物价格也上去
Plan C:政府帮他们还
Plan D:某个私人,帮他们还,条件是这些人以后要替他工作
Plan E:等吧。这些握有现金者会不耐烦的,这些现金的回报率这么低。那些或许被骗的人就承担痛苦吧,谁让你技不如人。

4月份工业品出厂价格

2月份工业品出厂价格同比下降4.5%        3月份工业品出厂价格同比下降6.0%

4月份,工业品出厂价格同比下降6.6%;原材料、燃料、动力购进价格下降9.6%

 

  在工业品出厂价格中,生产资料出厂价格同比下降8.1%。其中,采掘工业下降21.5%,原料工业下降10.3%,加工工业下降5.4%。生活资料出厂价格同比下降1.7%。其中,食品类价格下降2.7%,衣着类价格下降0.1%,一般日用品类价格下降0.4%,耐用消费品类下降2.7%

 

  分品种看:

 

  ――原油出厂价格同比下降53.6%。成品油中汽油价格上涨4.6%,煤油和柴油价格分别下降32.5%11.7%。(燃料)

 

  ――化工产品价格类中,顺丁橡胶同比下降34.6%,聚苯乙烯价格下降22.1%,涤纶长丝下降19.4%。(原料)

 

  ――煤炭开采和洗选业出厂价格同比上涨8.7%。其中,原煤出厂价格上涨8.9%。(燃料)

 

  ――黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业出厂价格同比下降18.7%。其中,普通大型钢材价格下降26.0%,普通中型钢材下降25.5%,普通小型钢材下降19.6%,中厚钢板下降29.5%,线材价格下降28.4%。(原料)

 

  ――有色金属冶炼及压延加工业出厂价格同比下降25.7%。其中,铝下降17.3%,铅下降36.3%,锌下降35.6%,铜下降38.0%。(原料)

 

  在原材料、燃料、动力购进价格中,有色金属材料类、燃料动力类、黑色金属材料类和化工原料类购进价格同比分别下降29.0%13.7%14.0%9.4%

 

  1-4月份累计,工业品出厂价格同比下降5.1%,原材料、燃料、动力购进价格下降7.7%


4月份居民消费价格

4月份,居民消费价格总水平同比下降1.5%。其中,城市下降1.7%,农村下降1.0%;食品价格下降1.3%,非食品价格下降1.5%;消费品价格下降1.5%,服务项目价格下降1.4%。从月环比看,居民消费价格总水平比3月份下降0.2%;食品价格下降0.8%,其中鲜菜价格下降4.9%鲜蛋价格上涨2.7%

 

  一、食品类价格同比下降1.3%。其中,肉禽及其制品价格下降13.5%(其中猪肉价格下降28.6%),鲜菜价格上涨10.9%,粮食价格上涨5.5%,油脂价格下降24.3%水产品价格上涨3.4%,鲜果价格上涨0.4%,鲜蛋价格上涨5.5%,调味品价格上涨4.6%

 

  二、烟酒及用品类价格同比上涨1.6%。其中,烟草价格上涨0.2%,酒类价格上涨3.8%

 

  三、衣着类价格同比下降2.3%。其中,服装价格下降2.5%

 

  四、家庭设备用品及维修服务价格同比上涨0.9%。其中,耐用消费品价格下降1.3%,家庭服务及加工维修服务价格上涨5.6%

 

  五、医疗保健及个人用品类价格同比上涨0.9%。其中,西药价格上涨1.1%,中药材及中成药价格上涨2.3%,医疗保健服务价格上涨1.0%

 

  六、交通和通信类价格同比下降2.2%。其中,交通工具价格下降1.9%,车用燃料及零配件价格下降6.6%,车辆使用及维修价格上涨1.6%,城市间交通费价格上涨1.3%,市区公共交通费价格上涨0.5%;通信工具价格下降18.7%

 

  七、娱乐教育文化用品及服务类价格同比下降1.0%。其中,学杂托幼费价格上涨1.6%,文娱费价格上涨1.7%,旅游价格下降4.6%,文娱用耐用消费及服务价格下降10.1%

 

  八、居住类价格同比下降4.0%。其中,水、电及燃料价格下降2.2%建房及装修材料价格上涨0.7%租房价格上涨1.2%

 

  1-4月份累计,居民消费价格总水平同比下降0.8%。其中,城市下降1.1%,农村下降0.3%;食品类价格持平,烟酒及用品类价格上涨1.9%,衣着类价格下降2.4%,家庭设备用品及维修服务价格上涨1.8%,医疗保健及个人用品类价格上涨1.2%,交通和通信类价格下降2.5%,娱乐教育文化用品及服务类价格下降0.6%,居住类价格下降3.2%

中国的统计数据真的是让人看不懂,有涨有跌。特别是第八项,居住类价格同比降4%,但是“建房及装修材料价格上涨0.7%租房价格上涨1.2%。”

2009年5月10日星期日

Variations in Government Aid Across the Nation

As millions of people seek aid, they are finding a complex system that reaches some and rejects others for unpredicatable reasons. For six programs, The Times examined the share of needy people receiving benefits.
让人触目惊心的是,那么多州需要帮助的人没有得到帮助;这个时候难道我们要骂美国的行政体系的无效吗?同样的,在这次汶川地震过程中,我们的救灾也出现了很多问题,难道我们就要骂中国的行政体系的无效吗?
都不是,我们要思考如何改进它。有没有持续改正的渠道?即使说,美国民选可以把州长选下,但是这种制度能否保证一个有效的政府呢?不能,它只能保证一个无效的政府能够被接受服务的选民选下(这也是一个漫长的过程,人类文明需要冷静)(即使有选举丑闻!)这种保证,能否激励州长去改革,还要看州长本人的素质,这就体现了这种制度下结果的差异性,时间上的,效果上的(有些州弄得好,有些州弄得差,这个州过去好,现在不好)
在中国,照样有一种制度在提供一种可能性,即一个贪官可能被拉下马(虽然这种情况从未在书记的头上出现过,顶多是副书记)。我们党的纪委发现了什么,可以双规,移交司法部门(看上去司法部门是我们党的一个部门了)。有人说得好,我们党是世界上历史上唯一一个政党,这个政党可以自我修复。(虽然我不赞同,还是有其他政党可以自我修复的,但它们是被逼的);但是,这种制度落下马的人有点少。
问题是,我们的行政系统效果差,效率慢,体现不了公平,我们党也应该自我修复吧。但是有人会反驳我,说中国经济发展30年,不正体现了中国行政体系好吗?(这也是纠结世界经济学家的一个共同的问题,所以他们现在都不说为什么中国能发展了,直接说中国发展对世界的影响了。)
一个办事效率低下的政府怎么会出现这么高的经济增长呢?
第一、办事效率低下,这个说法不完全。看县一级,招商引资很冲动,那些外商找政府办事还是比较有效率的,虽说要塞钱,但是这些成本都在销售价格里了。所以说,政府对既得利益群体还是有效率的,条件是寻租,这样大部分中国人没有公平发展的机会,这也就是为什么咋们的统计局不敢公平中国的贫富差距,贫富变动,因为有没有钱是体现公平机会的最佳手段。
第二、经济增长,这个说法也不太完全。中国有一半以上的国有企业,都是受国资委控制的,是行政比市场多一点。越往以前走,国有企业占GDP的比重越来越多。计划在总量增长速度上的优势是比市场大的
第三、经济发展的效率和效果。显然发展30年,是一种效果。paul krugman就曾说东亚模式行不通,是一种没有效率的发展模式,生产率不高。但是,中国的改革开放、引进外资,逐渐的把中国的生产力提高了,世界的生产率排名榜上中国一直在上升,中科院把或诺贝尔奖当做发展目标,杨振宁认为中国20年后必获诺贝尔奖,中国在碳管、高温超导在世界处于领先地步
第四、可持续性。当初日本超越美国的时候,被美国的IT技术砸下来了,之所以能够砸下来,是因为美国向世界推广了IT,而世界也接受了,离不开了,而美国在IT上是第一的;现在美国在搞什么ET,energy technology,如果这个要维持美国的第一,那么它就必须让自己保持在这个领域的第一,同时让世界人民接受这个ET,并离不开它。ET,主要在生物技术和可再生能源技术,这种技术和IT是不一样的,IT让人们沟通方便,所以人们很容易就接受了;但是ET,为的是环保的名义,这个就有点牵强了。那中国在ET上如何呢?中科院还未设新能源ET研究院,各大高校也不成风气,企业级也不太客气,新能源板块只是个概念,虽说沪深两市有92家企业,但是这也说明发展的初级阶段,还没有形成行业老大,大家都是小玩家。中国应该发展ET,并和美国一起推广ET。

culture of thrift

The economic downturn is forcing a return to a culture of thrift that many economists say could last well beyond the inevitable recovery.
这是从未出现的,还是经济学家预测错了?

2009年5月9日星期六

Some reasons why Canadian banking is special

美国立法规范放款

The House bill takes several steps aimed at restoring sound lending practices. First off, it requires lenders to take into account the borrower’s ability to repay the debt(看上去很弱智!). It prohibits prepayment penalties for adjustable-rate mortgages. It wisely builds in better protections for renters, who are often thrown into the streets when buildings are foreclosed — even when the rent has been paid faithfully for years.

And it bans one of the most common forms of kickbacks that brokers often get for steering borrowers into higher priced loans.

Via Scott Sumner
, here is a list from Nick Rowe:

...it doesn’t seem to be as simple as “Canadian banks are more tightly-regulated”.在平常,这些行为会被认为抑制金融创新的阻碍物!

1. We never had restrictions on interstate banking, so Canadian banks spread their assets and liabilities across Canada. (So it doesn’t matter if a local housing market goes bust).(so does china)

2. We don’t have Glass-Steagal. The investment banks joined the retail banks some years ago.(so does china)

3. We don’t have mortgage interest deductibility from taxes. So paying down your mortgage is a tax-free investment. So most people want to pay down their mortgages.(so does china)

4. (Except in Alberta), mortgages are fully recourse. You can’t just walk away from a negative equity home and hand the keys to the bank; the bank will come after you for the difference.(so does china)

I wouldn’t describe those differences as “Canada is more regulated”.

But we do have higher capital requirements. And mortgages over 80% must be insured (mostly by the government-owned CMHC).


balancing optimism with credibility

 The formula for restoring national confidence — part good policy, part good politics, part good luck — can be hard to find. It eluded Herbert Hoover after the Crash of ’29, Lyndon B. Johnson after the Tet offensive, Jimmy Carter after the energy shock and George W. Bush after Iraq turned from quick victory to bloodyinsurgency.
“The hardest part of this is balancing optimism with credibility,” said Mr. Dallek. “Hoover’s ‘Happy days are here again’ wasn’t credible. Bush’s ‘Mission accomplished’ became a running joke. No one wants to make that mistake again.”

2009年5月8日星期五

Paul Paul

As a result, the odds are that the financial system won’t function normally until the crucial players get much stronger financially than they are now. Yet the Obama administration has decided not to do anything dramatic to recapitalize the banks.

Can the economy recover even with weak banks? Maybe. Banks won’t be expanding credit any time soon, but government-backed lenders have stepped in to fill the gap. The Federal Reserve has expanded its credit by $1.2 trillion over the past year; Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have become the principal sources of mortgage finance. So maybe we can let the economy fix the banks instead of the other way around.

But there are many things that could go wrong.

It’s not at all clear that credit from the Fed, Fannie and Freddie can fully substitute for a healthy banking system. If it can’t, the muddle-through strategy will turn out to be a recipe for a prolonged, Japanese-style era of high unemployment and weak growth.

paul krugman.很多人说你是唱衰主义者,不是真本事,只有能够预测什么时候复苏才是真本事,只有能够彻底改变经济周期才是本事。其实,能够预测经济萧条多久,也是能够赚钱的。

我不知道,paul你是否卖空证券?如果你是一个政府的人,你不太可能能够这么说,如果你是一个企业的经济学家,那么你这么说也不得人心。

金融、石油、国防,三个遏制美国喉舌的关键,你不是研究这块的(你因国际贸易理论而获Nobel 经济学奖),但是你却一直在说金融,你说金融机构是国家担保的,这是肯定的;你说应该国有化现在的银行,怎么操作?你说应该政府再加大开支。

What Happens to the American Dream in a Recession?

“At its core, this notion that anyone can be president or anyone can be a billionaire is absurd,” he said. “A lot of Americans work hard, but they don’t become president and they don’t become billionaires.”
The percentage of people who say the American dream does not exist or is only an illusion has remained low — 3 percent today and 2 percent four years ago. As one such person put it to our pollsters last month: “A bunch of hooey.”
 “It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain the fullest stature of which they are innately capable.”

欧洲经济预测

美图

2009年5月7日星期四

G.M. Posts a Quarterly Loss of $6 Billion

不一样的市场调整
G.M. has borrowed $15.4 billion from the federal government since December to stay afloat, and the company says it needs $11.6 billion more. 

Bondholders would own roughly 10 percent and existing shareholders would account for just 1 percent of the new company. G.M. is planning a reverse stock split, which would turn every 100 shares outstanding into one new share. Shares of G.M. have lost more than 90 percent of their value in the last year as the company has descended toward a possible bankruptcy.

As part of its restructuring, G.M. now says it will, by the end of 2010, cut 21,000 factory jobs, close 13 plants and get rid of about 2,600 dealerships. More job cuts and plantclosings would occur in later years.

G.M. intends to slash its brand portfolio in half, by closing Pontiac and trying to sell Saturn, Saab and Hummer.

2009年4月28日星期二

Fed staff goes negative

The FT reports:

Fed study puts ideal interest rate at -5%

The ideal interest rate for the US economy in current conditions would be minus 5 per cent, according to internal analysis prepared for the Federal Reserve's last policy meeting.

The analysis was based on a so-called Taylor-rule approach that estimates an appropriate interest rate based on unemployment and inflation.

A central bank cannot cut interest rates below zero. However, the staff research suggests the Fed should maintain unconventional policies that provide stimulus roughly equivalent to an interest rate of minus 5 per cent.

如果实行,银行就倒闭了

煽起对金融机构的愤怒!

Workers Walk the Plank
最让人郁闷的是,金融机构的所有者怎么会容忍管理者提高薪水到危机前水平呢,特别是今年!
一个解释是,金融机构管理者很多就是金融机构的所有者,这种提高薪水降低利润从而降低股息的行为其实是在变相侵吞财政部的补助。

Today, he says, people are uneasy. “It was desperate then,” Mr. Newburger says.

He remembers the faces of gentlemen who sold apples on street corners wearing shabby three-piece suits, their gold watch chains long since pawned.

He remembers the families who ate canned dog food.

And he remembers the men who threw themselves from tower windows because they considered their life insurance more valuable to their families than their lives.

Mr. Newburger also says that the current recession and the Great Depression share the same underlying cause: “Greed.”

According to Mr. Newburger, before the Depression people could buy $100 of stock with just $10 in cash, “even if you were the bootblack on the corner.”

Those investors, like the people who during the latest real estate boom bought homes that were beyond their reach, were left holding the bag when the bubble burst.

“It’s exactly the same principle,” Mr. Newburger said, “buying what you couldn’t afford.” He added, “And when the lightning struck the outhouse, it was time to pay the piper.”

Globalism Goes Viral

面对全球性的金融危机、SARS、SWING Flue,我们是需要一个全球性的集权机构,还是分权机构,central organizations or decentralized organizations?
联合国显然做得不够,权力不够。