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除物质激励、道德激励、社会激励外,又一种激励方式:心理暗示
There are three basic flavors of incentive: economic, social, and moral. Very oftena single incentive scheme will include all three varieties. Think about the anti-smoking campaign of recent years. The addition of a $3-per-pack “sin tax” is astrong economic incentive against buying cigarettes. The banning of cigarettes inrestaurants and bars is a powerful social incentive. And when the U.S.government asserts that terrorists raise money by selling black-market cigarettes,that acts as a rather jarring moral incentive.
From Freakonomics
人类文明有很多难题。比如说城市卫生、治安、公共品的保护。这些事情因为信息不对称很难解决,比如说一个公共厕所不可能派一个人去守别人是否冲厕所,乱扔垃圾,偷东西,等等。
还有卖淫,倒卖火车票。倒卖火车票,我的提议是,使其合法,这样供给就会多了。但是,这就等于纳税人补助倒卖的人。卖淫,天天抓,不仅技术上难抓,制度上警察不是那么用力。
还有就是不正当竞争,偷技术,倒对方的乱。这些一般有法律来规范,但是还是不好。
或许心理暗示可以使一种尝试。但是当一个无耻的人就不起作用了。当一次一次这些咒语都不灵验,这种心理暗示可能也会失效,即使是对一个有廉耻的人。
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