Why Germany Prefers Regulation to Stimulus
In his essay, Mr. Sinn writes that “a time bomb is ticking” because if banks shrink themselves back to health, they will drag down economies with them. “And all this just because banks, hedge funds, special purpose vehicles, investment funds and real-estate financers were allowed to conduct their business with only tiny amounts of equity capital,” he continues. “Without equity, there is no liability, and without liability, people gamble.”
为了实现这种“竞争秩序”,欧根提出了两个原理。
回复删除第一为结构原理,内容有:
①保障私有财产制度。
②建立具有完全竞争机制作用的价格体系。
③保持币值稳定的通货政策,实施“商品实物准备制”。
④市场的自由开放,废除一切禁止和限制。
⑤订立契约的自由。
⑥责任原则,凡负责经营者均应承担负债的责任。
⑦经济政策必须保持长期的连续性和稳定性。
以上各项具有相互依存的密切联系,从而形成一定时期的经济秩序。
第二即所谓制约原理。如对垄断组织要设立专门机构,进行监督,以保障“竞争秩序”;对收入要采取改善收入的政策,实施累进税率制,当个别企业的利益影响社会全体利益时,要加以一定的限制。当供求关系发生变动时,要进行干预调整,例如当劳动力过剩、工资下降时,则要规定最低工资等。